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Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting drug used to treat excessive sleepiness due to narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, or shift work sleep disorder. Sometimes it is used off-label as a cognitive enhancer. Modafinil's exact mechanism is unclear, though it affects many neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Some studies suggest it may enhance performance on complex tasks in healthy individuals; however, no long-term studies have tested whether modafinil prevents cognitive decline or dementia. Modafinil is generally considered safe for most people with minor side effects such as headache, nausea, dizziness, insomnia, and anxiety.


