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Iodine is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies and is estimated to affect 35–45% of the world's population.Aug 24, 2022
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iodine deficiency can cause a range of health issues, including:
Brain damage:
Iodine deficiency is the main cause of brain damage in children, and can lead to impaired cognitive and motor development.
Hypothyroidism:
Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism, which is when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormones.
Goiter:
Iodine deficiency can cause the thyroid gland to enlarge, which can lead to a bulge in the neck.
Reduced growth:
Iodine deficiency can lead to reduced growth.
Intellectual disability:
Iodine deficiency can lead to severe intellectual disability.
The WHO recommends that all food-grade salt be fortified with iodine to help prevent iodine deficiency. The WHO also recommends that adults and adolescents consume 150 micrograms of iodine per day.
Other ways to address iodine deficiency include:
Monitoring iodine levels in salt and the iodine status of the population
Creating a network of resource laboratories to provide technical support to national laboratories
Raising awareness about the importance of iodine through World Iodine Deficiency Day, which is observed annually on October 21
Iodine is essential because it's a key component of thyroid hormones, which control many important functions in the body:
Metabolism:
Iodine helps control the body's metabolism.
Brain and bone development: Iodine is essential for proper brain and bone development during pregnancy and infancy.
Growth and energy use:
The body uses thyroid hormones for growth and energy use.
Heart rate and
digestion: Thyroid hormones control the rate of heartbeats and digestion.
Iodine deficiency can cause serious problems, including:
Stunted growth: In young children, iodine deficiency can cause stunted growth.
Goiter:
In adults, iodine deficiency can cause an enlarged thyroid gland, also known as a goiter.
Hypothyroidism:
When the thyroid gland doesn't work as well as it should, it's called hypothyroidism. Symptoms include fatigue, joint pain, and fertility issues.
Iodine overview for health professionals. Research health effects, dosing, sources, deficiency symptoms, side effects, and interactions here.
ods.od.nih.gov