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Citicoline improves concentration

Arnold

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Citicoline improves concentration

Citicoline supplementation improves your ability to concentrate and helps you make fewer faults when performing tasks that require focus and attention. Researchers from the University of Utah and the Japanese manufacturer Kyowa Hakko drew this conclusion from an experiment they did with sixty women aged between 40 and 60. A fairly modest daily dose of 250 mg citicoline works better than a 500-mg dose.

Citicoline – structural formula shown at right – is a precursor of both uridine and phosphatidylcholine, both of which are building blocks for brain cells. Some neurologists believe that citicoline supplementation can inhibit the development of some forms of dementia and speed up post-stroke recovery. And indeed, there are a few human studies that indicate that citicoline does this to some extent. [Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:113-8.] [Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:131-7.] [Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013;35(2):146-54.] [Stroke. 2002 Dec;33(12):2850-7.]

Study
Citicoline is sometimes found in pre-workout supplements, usually with the claim that the substance boosts athletes' focus and concentration, and thus improves the quality of their training. But there's been little scientific research on the effects of citicoline on healthy adults. Which is why this study was carried out.

The researchers divided their subjects into three groups, each containing 20 women. One group was given a placebo for 28 days; a second group took 250 mg citicoline daily; and a third group took 500 mg daily.

After the supplementation period, the researchers measured the women's concentration ability by getting them to do the Continuous Performance Test II. For this test the women had to sit at a computer, and every time an X appeared on the screen they had to press the spacebar. Every time they missed a letter counted as an 'omission error'.

If a Y appeared on the screen, the women were not allowed to press the spacebar. If they did, that counted as a 'commission error'.

The letters appeared every couple of seconds and were visible for a fraction of a second. The test lasted 14 minutes.

Results
The supplementation reduced the number of omission errors and the number of commission errors. Interestingly, the low dose worked a little better than the higher dose.

Mechanism
The researchers suspect that citicoline improves focus as a result of the effect of dopamine. Dopamine is necessary for tasks that require concentration, and animal studies have shown that citicoline supplementation raises dopamine levels [Archives of Neurology, Vol. 57, No. 4, 2000, pp. 470-475.] and the number of dopamine receptors. [Br J Pharmacol. 1991 Nov; 104(3): 575–578.]

Conclusion
"The current study is the first to ex-amine the effects of low doses of citicoline on cognitive performance in healthy female adults", the researchers wrote. "Women who received citicoline showed improved attentional performance after 28 days of supplementation."

"Results of the current study are consistent with prior studies showing improved cognitive performance after citicoline supple-mentation in individuals with cognitive deficits. Practical applications of this research include the possible use of citicoline supplementation to ameliorate cognitive deficits associated with healthy aging, but also to ameliorate cognitive deficits associated with psychiatric disorders."

Source: Menopause. 2014 Sep;21(9):990-6.
 

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It does a lot more than that. Doses range from 250 mg to 2000 mg.

The effects of this almost foundational supplement for older people or anyone with mild to medium cognitive decline. This is a potent way of getting your brain to have higher neurotransmitter levels. The effect of this specific choline source, are wider ranging than Alpha GPC, but less potent than Alpha GPC in terms of the specific things that Alpha GPC does that Citicoline does as well.

https://selfhacked.com/blog/citicoline/

https://selfhacked.com/blog/alpha-gpc/

nootropicsdepot sells it. They have the best quality control in the supplement industry, because they turn away bad batches to any supplier, if a batch of anything doesn't pass their own testing. No, I am not a paid shill. Just a long time reddit user, looking for ways to fight chronic pain.
 
The neuroprotective role of citicoline treatment in glaucoma - 6 months results of a prospective therapeutic trial.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31687623


[Current treatment options for autonomic, cognitive and emotional disorders in patients with asthenic syndrome treated with recognan (citicoline)].

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31464286


Citicoline: A Superior Form of Choline?

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31336819

Abstract
Medicines containing citicoline (cytidine-diphosphocholine) as an active principle have been marketed since the 1970s as nootropic and psychostimulant drugs available on prescription. Recently, the inner salt variant of this substance was pronounced a food ingredient in the major world markets. However, in the EU no nutrition or health claim has been authorized for use in commercial communications concerning its properties. Citicoline is considered a dietetic source of choline and cytidine. Cytidine does not have any health claim authorized either, but there are claims authorized for choline, concerning its contribution to normal lipid metabolism, maintenance of normal liver function, and normal homocysteine metabolism. The applicability of these claims to citicoline is discussed, leading to the conclusion that the issue is not a trivial one. Intriguing data, showing that on a molar mass basis citicoline is significantly less toxic than choline, are also analyzed. It is hypothesized that, compared to choline moiety in other dietary sources such as phosphatidylcholine, choline in citicoline is less prone to conversion to trimethylamine (TMA) and its putative atherogenic N-oxide (TMAO). Epidemiological studies have suggested that choline supplementation may improve cognitive performance, and for this application citicoline may be safer and more efficacious.
 
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